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ARCHITECTURE OF CONCENTRATION CAMPS

AUSCHWITZ I | AUSCHWITZ II | BELZEC | BERGEN-BELSEN | DACHAU

This website looks at the overall design of the camp of Auschwitz as well as the sub camps within. It also looks at the different kinds of buildings that make up the camp. These buildings include prisoner barracks, the bath houses, and the crematory. The information is set up in "blog posts" that go on to explain the dimensions as well as other information about the camps. While majority of images and diagrams are taken from Auschwitz camps, all of the information as to size, dimensions, as well as specifications were verified and cross referenced with the three other camps listed.

BACKGROUND

Auschwitz has become one of the universal symbols of the holocaust, with an estimated 1.1 million people killed, 1 million of those being Jews. While Auschwitz may have been the largest and most deadly concentration camp, Dachau was the first concentration camp built in 1933. Auschwitz started construction in 1940 and was never completed. It is estimated that 11 million people were killed during the holocaust. During the holocaust Nazi's along with their allies opened more than 42,000 camps. These camps were created for a range of purposes including forced labor, detention of people thought to be enemies of the state, and mass murder. Because of its size as well as it being the main camp of mass murder during the holocaust it became the standard for how camps were built and run during the holocaust. 

Many camps that were built during the holocaust were designed as prisoner of war camps, with the sole purpose of housing up to 200,000 prisoners per camp. Then as time went on the purpose of the camps shifted to extermination camps. 

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TECHNOLOGY

When looking at the integration of technology you can begin by looking at it a few different ways. The first way to look at it is the technology for mass murder. When the nazis were designing the concentration camps, the crematory specifically, they designed the furnaces to be able to incinerate as many prisoners as possible per day. It was estimated that they would burn up to 10,000 prisoners in a 24 hour period. 

Another way of looking at technology of concentration camps is the camp itself. One of the things that is so often overlooked it the fact that someone had to sit down and create a plan for a camp with the intention of wiping out a race of people. Before the holocaust there was no design or standard for a death camp capable of killing millions of people. They had to think about every detail from how the prisoners would get to the camps, and then how they would keep them in. Some of the ways they were able to do this was two rows of electrically charged barbed wire fences, armed guards watching from towers at all times, as well as keeping the prisoners in small tight places that were easily able to be watched over. Another obstacle that they had to overcome when designing the camps was keeping what they were actually doing a secret. They had to create other camps that were decoys to make it seem as though the living conditions were not as horrible as they were for the prisoners. 

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FURTHER ANALYSIS

David Mickenberg, Corinne Granof, Peter Hayes. 2002. The Last Expression: Art and Auschwitz. Evanston : Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art.


Holocaust Encyclopedia: Belzec.  https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/belzec.

Jaskot, Paul B. 2017. "Architecture of the Holocaust."  https://www.ushmm.org/m/pdfs/20170502-Jaskot_OP.pdf.


Pawelczynska, Anna. 1979. Values and Violence in Auschwitz. Los Angeles: Univeristy of California Press.

Swiebocka, Teresa. 1990. Auschwitz A History in Photographs. Bloomington: Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum .

The Holocaust Explained. https://www.theholocaustexplained.org/the-camps/how-were-the-camps-run/architecture-buildings-and-sub-sections/.

Vashem, Yad. 2019. Architecture of Murder: The Auschwitz-Birkenau Blueprints.  https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/auschwitz_architecture/overview.asp

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